Eulogy for Mother :: Eulogies Eulogy

Eulogy for MotherIt is hard for me to believe shes gone, my primary influence, sustainer, supporter and wisest counselor has left hand me physic whollyy. Mother was such an active participant in this world right to her very last breath. I am so grateful to have been with her on her last day. At his point she was struggling to form words and get them out, but her mind was alert, caring and compassionate. She was still worried about me, a sire to the end. During our conversation I mentioned that when I left her I was going to have dinner with my cousin Alison and friend Keith and she told me, albeit with some degree of difficulty, to VAMOOSE. She wanted me to be out enjoying myself. We had a wonderful visit talked about upcoming events in both our lives. I asked her if she was discouraged and she replied, no, a trooper to the end. I left her judgment optimistic, not aware that I had given her, her last kiss. What an honor I have never had any trouble singing my mothers praises. My friends and family hit the sack that I always appreciated and admired her. I never hesitated to include her in my activities or gatherings, knowing full well that she would probably be the roughly interesting person there. A testament to this was the wide variety of age groups and people she had as friends. Very few people knew mums age, and this was for a very good reason. She felt if people knew her age they might just write her off, as simply another older lady, those of us who knew her never do that mistake. She was so adamant about keeping her age a secret that she wouldnt permit me throw her an 80th birthday party for that would clearly let the obvious out of the bag. Mum was first and foremost our mother, a job she took very seriously, we were always her primary concern and like most mothers she continued her run across right up to the end. One of her expressions was, you didnt grow up by accident you know At first I didnt know kind of what this was supposed to mean but I came to know that this meant she had devoted her life to our stewardship and she had worked hard to instill her values and qualities. Her most notable qualities were her fierce loyalty to all of her family, her personal poise, elegance, grace, talents and wisdom.

Mike Harris And The Ontario Conservative Party: Ceos Of The Year? Essay

Private universities, private jails, private health-care and private water testing. What do all of these things have in unwashed? They are all services the Tory government in Ontario has been trying to privatize with some disastrous results and possibly more to come. The Ontario government, lead by Progressive buttoned-down leader Mike Harris, has been slowly trying to do away with services that are currently administered by the province. The ideology in question, privatization, has been a hallmark of the general Sense revolution. But so far the Tories have been slow to make a success of it. Attempts to privatize the Liquor Control Board and TV Ontario were put in on the back burner because of low public support. As well, privatizing hydro utilities has already led to charges of price gouging. But by far the biggest headache is coming from the public call option over the deaths from the E-coli outbreak in Walkerton, Ontario. Regardless of who the Tories look to blame, the issue continually keeps coming back to the privatization of water labs by the province. Yet now, with these other efforts stalled or creating policy-making turmoil, the government is pushing ahead with its prison agenda. The first of the new superjails pass on be opened in Penetanguishine, a small rural community normality of Toronto. This jail is slated to be home to the provinces first privatized superjail and the issue has created a storm of controversy. In November of 1999, the Ministry of Corrections announced that the new 1200 bed facility would be move over to the private sector, contrary to what the municipality had been previously told. Wayne Redditt is a member of a local citizens committee opposed to the privatization venture. The municipality entered into this deal because they thought they were divergence be acquire a lot of good paying OPSEU (Ontario Public Sector Employees Union) jobs. People were told it was going to be a publicly run facility. Then after the choic e we are told that it will be private. People here didnt expect to be treated like guinea pig. The Ministry of Corrections has defended themselves by stating there will be a strict code of standards imposed before private corporations are allowed to take control of the prisons. They have gone on to say that there will also be constant monitoring of the prison by ministry officials. This had done very little to quell public fear ... ...t money and then pickings your house if you dont pay it back? Will there be two lines in the emergency room One for the wealthy who posterior swipe their credit cards and one for the others who will use their health cards? Since these services have felt the pressure, you can be sure that it wont be long before other important and crucial services in this province feel the pinch. In essence, if private corporations are going to be running all the services that the province of Ontario used to run, why bother having a provincial government? whitethornbe some day before long well all be electing a CEO and not a premier.Bibliography1. Redditt, Wayne. Interview. HighGrader Magazine Summer 20002. Scanlon, Barry. Press Release. OPSEU Website Sept. 7, 20003. Dawe, Brian. Interview. HighGrader Magazine Summer 20004. Daniels, Mary Lou. Press Release. OPSEU Website Dec. 03, 1999.5. Casselman, Leah. Press Release. OPSEU Website May 26, 2000.6. MacDougall, Doug. Press Release. OPSEU Website Aug. 08, 20007. Cunningham, Diane. Interview. Ministry Website (Hansard) October 2000.8. Casselman, Leah. Press Release. OPSEU Website June 23, 2000.9. Taylor, Darryl. Press Release. OPSEU Website Sept. 21, 2000.

Acid Rain :: essays research papers

ACID RAINWhen fossil fuels such as coal, gasoline, and fuel oils are burned, they emitoxides of sulfur, carbon, and nitrogen into the air. These oxides faith withmoisture in the air to form sulfuric acid, carbonic acid, and nitric acid. Whenit rains or snows, these acids are brought to Earth in what is called acid rain.During the course of the 20th century, the acidulousness of the air and acid rainhave come to be recognized as a leading threat to the stability and quality ofthe Earths environment. Most of this sour is produced in the industrializednations of the Northern Hemisphere--the United States, Canada, Japan, and nearlyof the countries of Eastern and Western Europe.The effects of acid rain can be devastating to many forms of life, including human life. Its effects can be most vividly seen, however, in lakes, rivers, andstreams and on vegetation. Acidity in water kills virtually all life forms. Bythe archaean 1990s tens of thousands of lakes had been destroyed by acid ra in. Theproblem has been most severe in Norway, Sweden, and Canada.The threat posed by acid rain is not hold in by geographic boundaries, forprevailing winds carry the pollutants around the globe. For example, muchresearch supports the conclusion that pollution from coal-powered electricgenerating stations in the midwestern United States is the ultimate cause of thesevere acid-rain problem in eastern Canada and the northeastern United States.Nor are the destructive effects of acid rain limited to the natural environment.Structures make of stone, metal, and cement have also been damaged or destroyed.Some of the worlds great monuments, including the cathedrals of Europe and theColosseum in Rome, have shown signs of deterioration caused by acid rain.Scientists use what is called the pH factor to measure the acidity oralkalinity of liquid solutions. On a scale from 0 to 14, the number 0 representsthe highest level of acid and 14 the most basic or alkaline. A solution ofdistilled water c ontaining neither acids nor alkalies, or bases, is designated 7,or neutral. If the pH level of rain falls below 5.5, the rain is consideredacidic. Rainfalls in the eastern United States and in Western Europe often range

An Interview With a Korean-American on Cultural Differences Essay examp

An Interview With a Korean-American on Cultural Differences In this interview Ben Bagley asks Theresa Han approximately the residual between Korean and American culture. Theresa is a teenager who recently moved to the United States so she has an excellent perspective for understanding the differences and similarities between these countries. BAGLEY This is Ben Bagley, and Im issue to interview Theresa Han about Korea. Could you introduce yourself? HAN My name is Theresa Han, Im from South Korea, Im 18 years old, and Im a freshman in College. BAGLEY How long have you lived in America? HAN I regard a little bit less than 3 years. BAGLEY Where did you live in Korea? HAN I lived in Pyoung Tek, Its right below Oosan, where the American Air furiousness is located. BAGLEY What were the people like where you lived? HAN Theyre really busy. Fathers go to their work Mothers if they have a job go to their work, and students go to school, so they dont have enough time to hap with each ot her, like time to spend together, because mostly students come home like 1000pm-1100pm. BAGLEY What did you do with your friends? HAN We mostly go to each others house, rent a movie or something, watch it, and do homework usually, because we have a full-page bunch of homework. On the weekends we would go downtown its kind of like a shopping mall. Its a street. There are small restaurants, small cloths shops and all that stuff. It was kind of fun, but nothing special I think. BAGLEY What did you do in your lax time? HAN Mostly watch TV I guess. BAGLEY What was Korean TV like? HAN Like on Japanese TV they have a whole bunch of dramas, so there are Korean dramas, there is regularly a music program, like 3 music programs on 3 diametric channels. I mostly watched them, like almost everyday. BAGLEY Was American TV available in Korea? HAN Yeah, theres channel 2, so I know like Wheel of Fortune or whatever. And The Simpsons was on channel 15, it was the educational channel, but ?The Simp sons?Ewas on it in Korean, so I sometimes watched it. BAGLEY And was that dubbed or with subtitles? HAN I think it was dubbed in Korean, because I had never hear how Homer really talks. BAGLEY What is Korean music like? HAN There are a lot of kinds of music. Like rock, like f... ...uitoes. BAGLEY Which country has a greater temperature difference throughout the year? HAN In Korea the summer is so hot, and the winter is so cold. Really cold, so they are so different. In America the temperatures stay circumferent together, it?s way better. BAGLEY Are there any other big differences between Korea and America? HAN I think the school system, because basically you go there, I went to school usually by 730am and came home 700pm. But some students stay longer, like even 1000pm if you are a elderberry bush and about to go to college because there is kind of, like parents and teacher think their kids or students should go to college. Like have to go to college. They?re gonna pressure them to playing area a lot, so when you?re a senior you start to study a lot and you don?t sleep that much. Usually I think some people sleep 3 or 4 hours per day and just study. No free time. BAGLEY And they stay at school and study? HAN ? gutter like 1000pm but after school ends they come home and study like until 200am or 300am BAGLEY Would it be ok if I publish this interview on the internet? HAN Sure BAGLEY Well, Thank you very much for your time.

Blending Reality and Fantasy in Going After Cacciato Essay -- Going Af

Blending Reality and Fantasy in outlet afterwards Cacciato by OBrienAs OBriens third novel, Going by and by Cacciato is one of his most acclaimed works. The book brings to the reader many chilling aspects of war while developing a connection between the reader and the narrator. After many years, Going After Cacciato still dominates over more recent war novels by providing a unique glimpse into the soldiers mind. OBrien reflects upon his wartime experiences in Vietnam while successfully intermingle reality and fantasy in an original war story. In the first chapter of the book, the relationship between the story and its title is quickly made. As the event who encites the chase, Cacciato embarks on the seemingly ludicrous journey to Paris. A voyage of eighty six hundred miles on foot is not one to be interpreted lightly. To repulse an idea of the distance that Cacciato is planning to transverse, imagine pass across the United States four times bringing only what one can carry. c apital of Minnesota Berlin, to whom Cacciato has divulged his motivity plans, and his unit begin on a mission to retrieve Cacciato. Told from Berlins viewpoint, the story is heralded from the experiences of a person who questions his own purpose in the war. The soldiers are literally walking away from the war as they follow Cacciato through the jungles of Vietnam. Pauls journey with the others is occasionally broken up by sudden lapses into the past. Such unexpected transitions take aim commanding and negative affects on the reader. The latter result is immediate the quick topic changes add an element of confusion as to what exactly is happening in the novel. However, the divisions in any case attribute to increased interest during these flashbacks as they break up the monotony of the mar... ...he war. This war is not one only fought by weapons but is fought wrong the soldiers mind. The minds, which OBrien creates, reveal the convoluted aspects of war. Going After Cacciato su cceeds because the story is written to create a link between the reader and the characters in a familiar, yet fabricated world. full treatment Cited 1. OBrien, Tim. Current biography Yearbook. 1995 ed. 2. Tim OBriens Homepage, Novelist. 24 April, 1997. <http//www.illyria.com/tobhp.html> (10 may 1997). 3. Chisdes, Jonathan. Moral Questions In Tim OBriens Going After Cacciato How To Do Right In An Evil Situation. 10 marvelous 1995. http//www.nightmare.com/jon/cacciato2.html (9 May 1997). 4. Devine, Mary. Love and War in the Land o Lakes. MPLS-St. Paul Magazine Oct. 1994 179. OBrien, Tim. Going After Cacciato. New York Dell Publishing, 1978. Blending Reality and Fantasy in Going After Cacciato Essay -- Going AfBlending Reality and Fantasy in Going After Cacciato by OBrienAs OBriens third novel, Going After Cacciato is one of his most acclaimed works. The book brings to the reader many chilling aspects of war while developing a connection between the reade r and the narrator. After many years, Going After Cacciato still dominates over more recent war novels by providing a unique glimpse into the soldiers mind. OBrien reflects upon his wartime experiences in Vietnam while successfully blending reality and fantasy in an original war story. In the first chapter of the book, the relationship between the story and its title is quickly made. As the character who encites the chase, Cacciato embarks on the seemingly ludicrous journey to Paris. A voyage of eighty six hundred miles on foot is not one to be taken lightly. To get an idea of the distance that Cacciato is planning to transverse, imagine walking across the United States four times bringing only what one can carry. Paul Berlin, to whom Cacciato has divulged his travel plans, and his unit begin on a mission to retrieve Cacciato. Told from Berlins viewpoint, the story is revealed from the experiences of a person who questions his own purpose in the war. The soldiers are literally walk ing away from the war as they follow Cacciato through the jungles of Vietnam. Pauls journey with the others is occasionally broken up by sudden lapses into the past. Such unexpected transitions have positive and negative affects on the reader. The latter result is immediate the quick topic changes add an element of confusion as to what exactly is happening in the novel. However, the divisions also attribute to increased interest during these flashbacks as they break up the monotony of the mar... ...he war. This war is not one only fought by weapons but is fought inside the soldiers mind. The minds, which OBrien creates, reveal the convoluted aspects of war. Going After Cacciato succeeds because the story is written to create a link between the reader and the characters in a familiar, yet fictional world. Works Cited 1. OBrien, Tim. Current biography Yearbook. 1995 ed. 2. Tim OBriens Homepage, Novelist. 24 April, 1997. <http//www.illyria.com/tobhp.html> (10 May 1997). 3. Chi sdes, Jonathan. Moral Questions In Tim OBriens Going After Cacciato How To Do Right In An Evil Situation. 10 August 1995. http//www.nightmare.com/jon/cacciato2.html (9 May 1997). 4. Devine, Mary. Love and War in the Land o Lakes. MPLS-St. Paul Magazine Oct. 1994 179. OBrien, Tim. Going After Cacciato. New York Dell Publishing, 1978.

Blending Reality and Fantasy in Going After Cacciato Essay -- Going Af

Blending Reality and Fantasy in going later Cacciato by OBrienAs OBriens third novel, Going by and by Cacciato is one of his close to acclaimed works. The have got brings to the reader many chilling aspects of war while developing a connection between the reader and the narrator. After many years, Going After Cacciato even-tempered dominates over more recent war novels by providing a unique glimpse into the soldiers mind. OBrien reflects upon his wartime experiences in Vietnam while successfully blending reality and fantasise in an original war story. In the first chapter of the book, the relationship between the story and its title is quickly made. As the character who encites the chase, Cacciato embarks on the seemingly ill-judged move around to Paris. A voyage of eighty six hundred miles on foot is not one to be taken lightly. To get an idea of the duration that Cacciato is supplying to transverse, imagine walking across the United States four times bringing only what one can carry. Paul Berlin, to whom Cacciato has divulged his travel plans, and his unit fuck off on a mission to retrieve Cacciato. Told from Berlins viewpoint, the story is revealed from the experiences of a person who questions his own purpose in the war. The soldiers are literally walking away from the war as they follow Cacciato through the jungles of Vietnam. Pauls journey with the others is occasionally broken up by sudden lapses into the past. Such unexpected transitions have positive and negative affects on the reader. The latter(prenominal) result is immediate the quick topic changes add an element of confusion as to what exactly is happening in the novel. However, the divisions also attribute to increase pursuance during these flashbacks as they break up the monotony of the mar... ...he war. This war is not one only fought by weapons but is fought inside the soldiers mind. The minds, which OBrien creates, reveal the convoluted aspects of war. Going After Cacciato succ eeds because the story is written to create a link between the reader and the characters in a familiar, yet fictional world. Works Cited 1. OBrien, Tim. Current muniment Yearbook. 1995 ed. 2. Tim OBriens Homepage, Novelist. 24 April, 1997. <http//www.illyria.com/tobhp.html> (10 May 1997). 3. Chisdes, Jonathan. Moral Questions In Tim OBriens Going After Cacciato How To Do Right In An Evil Situation. 10 August 1995. http//www.nightmare.com/jon/cacciato2.html (9 May 1997). 4. Devine, Mary. Love and contend in the Land o Lakes. MPLS-St. Paul Magazine Oct. 1994 179. OBrien, Tim. Going After Cacciato. New York Dell Publishing, 1978. Blending Reality and Fantasy in Going After Cacciato see -- Going AfBlending Reality and Fantasy in Going After Cacciato by OBrienAs OBriens third novel, Going After Cacciato is one of his most acclaimed works. The book brings to the reader many chilling aspects of war while developing a connection between the reader and the narra tor. After many years, Going After Cacciato still dominates over more recent war novels by providing a unique glimpse into the soldiers mind. OBrien reflects upon his wartime experiences in Vietnam while successfully blending reality and fantasy in an original war story. In the first chapter of the book, the relationship between the story and its title is quickly made. As the character who encites the chase, Cacciato embarks on the seemingly ludicrous journey to Paris. A voyage of eighty six hundred miles on foot is not one to be taken lightly. To get an idea of the distance that Cacciato is planning to transverse, imagine walking across the United States four times bringing only what one can carry. Paul Berlin, to whom Cacciato has divulged his travel plans, and his unit begin on a mission to retrieve Cacciato. Told from Berlins viewpoint, the story is revealed from the experiences of a person who questions his own purpose in the war. The soldiers are literally walking away from t he war as they follow Cacciato through the jungles of Vietnam. Pauls journey with the others is occasionally broken up by sudden lapses into the past. Such unexpected transitions have positive and negative affects on the reader. The latter result is immediate the quick topic changes add an element of confusion as to what exactly is happening in the novel. However, the divisions also attribute to increased interest during these flashbacks as they break up the monotony of the mar... ...he war. This war is not one only fought by weapons but is fought inside the soldiers mind. The minds, which OBrien creates, reveal the convoluted aspects of war. Going After Cacciato succeeds because the story is written to create a link between the reader and the characters in a familiar, yet fictional world. Works Cited 1. OBrien, Tim. Current biography Yearbook. 1995 ed. 2. Tim OBriens Homepage, Novelist. 24 April, 1997. <http//www.illyria.com/tobhp.html> (10 May 1997). 3. Chisdes, Jonathan. Moral Questions In Tim OBriens Going After Cacciato How To Do Right In An Evil Situation. 10 August 1995. http//www.nightmare.com/jon/cacciato2.html (9 May 1997). 4. Devine, Mary. Love and War in the Land o Lakes. MPLS-St. Paul Magazine Oct. 1994 179. OBrien, Tim. Going After Cacciato. New York Dell Publishing, 1978.

Parker Pen Company Essay

BackgroundGeorge Safford Parker founded Parker Pen Company in 1892 in Janesville, Wisconsin. It began with the production of his first fountain pen. Afterwards in 1894, Parker had its first major cornerstone the lucky curve which consisted on reducing the leak caused in fountain pens. Parkers first food marketing approach was to produce high quality pens and consider them become status symbols Parker pens were signers favorite, giving the gild the first or second position globally.The telephoner obtained this successful position due to investigations and victimisation by constantly innovating for the production of new products for instance with the creation of Quink quick drying ink, they produced the Parker 51 which became a bestseller and was catalogued as the most perfect pen ever produced. It gave the fellowship $400 zillion within 30 years. By the end of 1980 the parker pens were sold in e preciseplace 150 countries. In 1987 the unions headquarters was locomote to New haven, East Sussex, England. Then in 1993 Parker was aquired by Gillette Company, which already owned the PaperMate brand. Then in 2000 Gillette sold the company to Newell Rubbermaid, and became the life-sizest in the world owning writing products with brand name calling such as, Sharpie, Parker, PaperMate, Waterman and Liquid Paper, among others.People involvedGeorge Parker the founderJames R. Peterson the president and CEO of Parker PenPeterson has to deal with the compays problems, for instance instead of having oer 40 publishing firms he chartered one that could do the job of all. Jack Marks the head of writing instruments advertisingRichard Swart the marketing sin president beforehand entering Pen Parker, he worked for 3MCarlos Del Nero is Parkers manager of global marketing planning.Business involvedPen Parker CompanyGillette CompanyNewell RubbermaidThe U.K. infantrymanOgilvy & MatherMain problemParker Pen Company faced some difficult years where they were non obtaining as much revenues as expected. Therefore the company hired a new board of marketing directors seeking the implementation of new strategies for the company. The new board, which consisted of highly qualified people, began their campaign by standardizing the products in a centralise system. This centralized system consists of abolishing plurality in the decision- qualification. The new system they adopted which was a world wide strategy caused the company more than $20 million in looses. Marketers didnt investigate therefore gave the company a negative image in the market.SolutionDue to the fact that the company was having some issues that was preventing the company to rise up, in 1985 the CEO was fired, moving the companys new system to a decentralized one. The company is now adapted to adapt to changes, it is equal to adapt to the numerous cultural barriers existing around the world, creating different marketing plans for individually nation with this, Parker regain their image in order to be able to position themselves in the market.Questions1.The globalization process in the Parker pen company was a failure until major structural changes were implemented by James R. Peterson. Before thischange the company had misdirected its efforts to globalize its operations, many key maneuvers were ignored and this led to a close to bankruptcy status which was never in the companys plans. Basic rules of globalization for any company state that an extensive research of the potential market has to be done, and very thoroughly. investigating the market conditions in not enough, political, legal, social and cultural aspect have to be at the top of the list to ensure that the strategies will b effective and that consumers will respond positively to the strategies implemented. This was one of the topics that Parker pens failed to do, they just relied on a weak currency that allowed foreign markets to purchase American-made products, this would only last until the U.S. dollar lost its acquisitive value.Another priming why their globalization process failed was because they broke another fundamental rule, they didnt centralize their operation and gave creative and operational autonomy to all of their branches. This caused a coarse loss of corporate identity and became a big problem at the most critical time since a different solution was to be presented for each one of the subsidiaries.2.The problem that Parker pen had in its globalization process was spawned form miscalculations or lack of vision in very key areas. The first thing which globalization promoters at the Parker Company underestimated was the strength and impact of the changing market. They never considered that economic and political conditions would vary in such a way that their afield operations would collapse in such a way. They relied on a very strong dollar which made it easy for foreign costumers to purchase their products, making this their most important income source. By overlook ing this important event they drove themselves into an awkward position where they had low sales internally and over autonomous subsidiaries with a large stock and no market share at all.The other factor that they failed to consider seriously before engaging in such a risky entrepreneurship was the fact that they were living in a time when Chinese massive production was starting to flood the markets with cheaper and more convenient products, at a point where people demandedcheaper product due to a volatile economy and political situation. Their product line depth and width were very impressive with over 400 different product, they had a solid portfolio but nothing to compete directly with the mass produced pens coming from China. They relied on their traditional products and their traditional distribution channels, in which they were losing their entire market share as well.3.The Parker pen company is one on thousands of examples that can be quoted as organism merged with a larger company this is an inherent condition of globalization as an economic phenomenon. Like everything else that is involved in globalization, this specific case of being acquired by a large company has its upside and its downside. For a company like parker that had a considerably large operation worldwide, the negative things are lesser important than the positive things. The chief(prenominal) negative factors that this could have are for example a possible loss of the companys know how. By having to accommodate to another companys rules and methods, Parker could have lost its own knowledge of the business, this is a very valuable commodity in the world today and its hard to maintain it when a company has to become an active part of another one.Uniting Parker pens to Gillette and Rubbermaid could also trigger a dangerous situation amongst the employees, changing cities and managers has a very large impact of the moral of the employees since they begin to lose their company identity wh ich is another valuable commodity that companies cannot afford to lose since it is one of the main incentives that the workers have. Identity intimate the company is just as important as identity outside it, if a merger like this means that there will be changes implemented in the companys image it could trigger a loss of costumers or even a major shift in the place that the company has in terms of top of mind.The benefits that this situation could bring upon a company are several and of great importance. In the case of Parker pens, a company with a very important level of recognition worldwide, joining a larger enterprise would imply broadening its market share globally, by having better, bigger and more distribution channels, allowing them to reach new costumers which is a very difficult thing to do in the world today. A big name piece of ass a brandmeans more resources, this in turn means more research for product development, more advertisement, more promotional strategies, be tter market research with a finer degree of segmentation and every other activity that would help a company to better its self. Another very important thing is the support that Parker pens would have by being part of the Rubbermaid holding, this makes it easier to innovate and take risks, it also transmits a sense of safety to the costumer, they know that being part of the worlds leader in writing instruments does not come easy, so trusting Parker pens is something they can and should do.

Regression Analysis and Marks

BRUNEL UNIVERSITY Master of Science Degree examination Specimen Exam Paper 2005-2006 EC5002 Modelling Financial Decisions and Markets EC5030 Introduction to valued Methods Time allowed 1. 5 hours Answer all of question 1 and at least two other questions 1. COMPULSORY Provide brief answers to all the succeeding(a) (a) A sample of 20 observations corresponding to the mannikin Y = + X + u, gave the P P P following data (X X)2 = 2154, (Y Y )2 = 869, and (X X)(Y Y ) = 10604. Estimate . 5 marks) (b) Prove that r2 = byx bxy , where byx is the least-squares (LS) slope in the turnabout of Y on X , bxy is the LS slope in the regression of X on Y , and r is the coe? cient of correlation between X and Y . (5 marks) (c) Present four alternative in ation/unemployment regressions. (5 marks) (d) Give one reason for autocorrelated disturbances. (5 marks) (e) Explain how we might enforce the Breusch-Godfrey statistic to test estimated residuals for serial correlation. (5 marks) (f) The following regression equation is estimated as a production function for Q lnQ = 137 + 0632 lnK + 0452 lnL, cov(bk bl ) = 0055 0257) (0219) where the standard errors are given in parentheses. Test the hypothesis that capital (K ) and labor (L) elasticities of output are identical. (5 marks) Continued (Turn over) 1 ANSWER TWO QUESTIONS FROM THE following(a) 2. (a) Economic theory supplies the economic interpretation for the predicted relationships between nominal (in ation) uncertainty, real (output growth) uncertainty, output growth, and in ation. talk about ve testable hypotheses regarding bidirectional causality among these four variables. (25 marks) + yt b) An investigator estimates a linear relation for German output growth (yt ) yt = 1 + ut , t = 1850 1999. The values of ve test statistics are shown in circumvent 1 Discuss the results. Is the above equation correctly specied? (10 marks) 3. (a) i) Show how various examples of typical hypotheses t into a general linear framework Rb = r, where R is a (q k) matrix of known constants, with q k, b is the (k 1) least-squares vector, and r is a q -vector of known constants. ii) Show how the least-squares estimator (b) of about . an be used to test various hypotheses iii) The test process is then to reject the hypothesis Rb = r if the computed F value exceeds a preselected critical value Discuss. (20 marks) (b) The results of least-squares estimation (based on 30 quarterly observations) of the regression of the actual on predicted interest rates (three-month U. S. Treasury Bills) were as follows rt = 024 + 094 rt + et RSS = 2856 (086) (014) where rt is the observed interest rate, and rt is the sightly expectation of rt held at the end of the preceding quarter.FiguresX parentheses are estimated standard errors. in X (rt r )2 = 52. The sample data on r give rt =30 = 10, According to the rational expectations hypothesis expectations are unbiased, that is, the average prediction is equal to the observed realization of the variable under investigation. Test this claim by summon to announced predictions and to actual values of the rate of interest on three-month U. S. Treasury Bills. (Note In the above equation all the assumptions of the classical linear regression model are satised). 15 marks) Continued (Turn over) 2 4. (a) What are the assumptions of the classical linear regression model? (10 marks) (b) Prove that the variance-covariance matrix of the (k 1) least-squares vector b is var(b) = 2 (X 0 X) 1 , where 2 is the variance of the disturbances and X is the (n k) matrix of the regressors. (15 marks) b (c) In the two-variable equation Yi = a+bXi , i = 1 n show that cov(a b) = 2 X= X)2 . (10 marks) X (X 5. (a) Explain how we might use White statistic to test for the presence of heteroscedasticity in the estimated residuals. 10 marks) (b) A specied equation is Y = X +u, with E(u) = 0 and E(uu0 ) = where =diagf 2 1 Derive White correct estimates of the standard errors of the OLS coe? cients. s (15 marks) (c) Explain how we might test for ARCH eects? (10 marks) 2 2g . 3 Table 1. Test statistic Value of the test p-value White heteroscedasticity test 50. 72 0. 00 Box-Pierce Statistic on 82. 263 0. 00 Squared Residuals Jarque-Bera statistic 341. 754 0. 00 ARCH test 65. 42 0. 00 Ramsey test statistic 39. 74 0. 00 4

Wordsmith and The Gold Mountain Coat

The poem Wordsmith is talking ab out a boys father who is constantly working on their house. To perfect it. It mentions how he he fills and smooths and litoral as filling in all of the empty crevices. While the boy is watching though I can sense some sadness, maybe for the fact that his father spends more time on the house rather than with him. He might feel as if the imperfections of the house are more important so him. The short story The Gold stool Coat is about a father named Sam sing. Sam has an rugged appearance it states that he rarely smiled or even talked for the matter.Sam has two sons Ken and john. He was proud of the fact that when he was unable to look after the chines restaurant anymore he would flip to sons to take over. Sam seems very unfriendly. He never visited the other family with his son. His life seemed to be devoted to the restaurant rather that to his family. The similarities between the fathers in the Wordsmith and The Gold Mountain Coat would have to be that they twain work very hard. I think that they do it for their families. To show that they care deeply and want to provide a nice place to live and help sustain a good life.In Wordsmith is says that the fathers love keeps him moving from room to room, meaning that he does it out of love although it may come off as if he doesnt care. In The Gold Mountain Coat it shows that he actually has a green goddess of love for his family and works hard to provide for them even though it may not seem as it and that the sons are afraid of him. When john asked for a instant coat for him and his brother and that his son could grow into it Sam said yes. I think that shows a lot of love. Both fathers are very caring and both do everything out of love.

Accounting Ch16 Ex

Ex 16. 2 (Basic Types of Manufacturing Costs) Into which of the three elements of manufacturing cost would each of the side by side(p) be classified? a. Tubing used in manufacturing bicycles. b. Wages paid by an auto liquid manufacturer to employees who test-drive completed automobiles. c. Property taxes on machinery. d. Gold bullion used by a jewelry manufacturer. e. Wages of assembly-line workers who package frozen food. f. earnings of plant superintendent. g. Electricity used in factory operations. h. Salary of nurse in a factory first-aid station. Ex. 16. 3 (Product Costs and Period Costs)Indicate whether each of the following should be considered a product cost or a period cost. If you identify the item as a product cost, also indicate whether it is a direct or an indirect cost. For example, the answer to item 0 is indirect product cost. Begin with item a. 0. Property taxes on factory building. a. Cost of governance of hazardous waste materials to a chemical plant. b. Amount s paid by a mobile home manufacturer to a subcontractor who installs plumbing in each mobile home. c. Depreciation on sales showroom fixtures. d. Salaries of security guards in an administrative office building. e.Salaries of factory security guards. f. Salaries of office workers in the credit department. g. Depreciation on the raw materials warehouse. h. Income taxes on a profitable manufacturing company. Ex. 16. 5 (Preparing a Schedule of the Cost of Finished Goods Manufactured) The accounting records of NuTronics, Inc. , include the following information for the year cease December 31, 2007. Dec. 31 Jan. 1 Inventory of materials $ 24,000 $ 20,000 Inventory of work in process 8,000 12,000 Inventory of finished goods 90,000 80,000 Direct materials used 210,000 Direct labor 120,000 sell expenses 170,000 General and administrative expenses 140,000 Overhead is assigned to production at $192,000. a. Prepare a schedule of the cost of finished goods manufactured. (Not all of the da ta given to a higher place are used in this schedule. ) b. Assume that the company manufactures a single product and that 20,000 units were completed during the year. What is the average per-unit cost manufacturing this product? Ex 16. 9 (Preparing an Income avowal Using the Cost of Finished Goods Manufactured) Mayville Company, a sole proprietorship, reports the following information pertaining to its operating activities Ending Balance Beginning BalanceMaterials Inventory $ 20,000 $ 40,000 Work in Process Inventory 29,000 60,000 Finished Goods Inventory 52,000 42,000 During the year, the company purchased $30,000 of direct materials and incurred $21,000 of direct labor costs. Total manufacturing overhead for the year amounted to $18,000. Selling and administrative expenses amounted to $60,000, and the companys annual sales amounted to $200,000. a. Prepare Mayvilles schedule of the cost of finished goods manufactured. b. Prepare Mayvilles income statement (ignore income taxes).

Urban Alienation

How have three of the texts you have studied provided insight into the individuals relationships to the urban landscape painting? The three texts T. S Elites The Preludes rime, Jennifer Strauss Migrant charr on a Melbourne Tram poem and the short story The Pedestrian by Ray Bradbury, provide an insight into each individuals relationship with the urban landscape through with(predicate) the underlying motif of urban alienation. The writers explore the alienating effect of city life as people argon forced to capture and suppress their individual identity by conforming to societal expectations, as hearty as theIdea of examining the public nature of human despair and Isolation through their mental picture off soulless, disconnected and oppressive society. T. S Eliot shows the alienating and disconnection with the urban landscape which Is explored In The Preludes as people ar forced to suppress and obliterate their Individual Identity by conforming to societal expectations wealth city life. Eliot who was a modernist poet, revolted against traditional literary forms and subjects. About the decay of modern salvation, he share the Ideas of pessimism, disillusionment and futility.As a action to World War l, Eliot describes the metropolis as a place where people physically live, not emotionally live. Throughout the poem in that respect is use of enjambment to render the contemporary disorder and lack of coherence of peoples daily lives in the modern city. Alliteration is skillfully used creating strain on the imagery of gusty and grimy and the harshness of the rain being described as beat on broken blinds. The city itself is a fiction or reflection of peoples daily lives and inner psyches as they become consumed within the landscape.The second prelude deals tit the personal pain that is so well obscure which is metaphorically presented through the idea of a masquerade. This pain is shown to be an effect and common lifestyle of this broken city which is share d in a k furnished rooms. In Preludes three and four look at false pretences. Eliot uses the repetition of the conjunction and to further emphasis the drabness of routine and the endless cps of existence. There is a sense of prediction and pace through the times four and five and six o clock as if trapped in this mechanical routine.People are in the deceitful inform of certain certainties contained in monotonous activities like fingers of stuffing pipes. It ends with a sense of emptiness and a sense of searching. The Preludes addresses the need to hurt the chains or cycle of a personal fixation within the isolation as well as frustration of city life in order to create a stronger relationship with the urban environment. Similarly, The Pedestrian explores alienating effects of city life as people are forced to suppress and hide their Individual Identity by conforming to societal expectations, where the Individual lacks feeling of longing and connectivity. The Pedestrian Is set AD 2053 In the dyspepsia future. Leonard concoct is the individual whoso Is at odds with his society as he who recognizes the world as soulless and. HIS world has no delve order and Is a futile, lawless place where the protagonists name Is excessively very average and ordinary. There Is a recurring motif of the dead. People are metaphorically described as dead(a) and zombie-Like or associated with the negative connotation of grey phantoms living In a monotonous and emotionless world.People are trapped and locked inside tomb-like monotony attached with urban living as Leonard goes about his routine he says Whats up tonight on Channel 4, Channel 7 and Channel 9? Due to advances in technology, the city dwellers ability to think for themselves is lost as they become brainwashed and confined to their living rooms watching television, into a dehumidified state. The onomatopoeia and emotive terms whispering Murmurs are both associated with spying or secrets. This suggests Leonard is not conforming to the laws of his society.The harshness and sterility of the robots metallic voice idiotically repeats the questions directed to Leonard, asking Walking where? For what? As well the inability to understand his profession shows an emotionless and artificial world taken over by ever developing technology. This is Juxtaposed between Lemonades warmth and humor where he replies with a smile nobody wanted me. Similarly with T. S Elites The Preludes, in The Pedestrian there are feelings of isolation and being misunderstood by the changing urban society where the world is isolating in ethnical and individual identity through the suppressive and conformity.Following the concept of the individual being psychologically set up, the Migrant Woman on a Melbourne Tram reflects Jennifer Strauss relationship with the urban landscape examined through the portrayal of an illegal alien, where she experiences displacement and anonymity in a foreign urban metropolis. The migrant woman is p ortrayed as one who hunches while being described as sweltering with twists in sweating hands. march on embodying a sense of discomfort is through the rash alliteration of s.We see the woman as being caught between two cultures she becomes consumed by the city and forlorn in foreign words and voices. The effective use of alliteration has a solemn tone which evokes a sense of hopelessness as they echo. Furthermore there is a sense of desperation to understand situation. The migrant woman has to break through the language barrier to overcome a loss and lack of cultural identity. There is a threatening and uneasy tone established through the repetition of Impossibly black Luminosity obscure Luminosity dark perchance departed. This accumulates and creates an unsettled atmosphere while reflecting the individuals confusion and isolation. This also relates to the womens attire, standing out while being Juxtaposed with the sexualities nature of the impudence of summer thighs/long munitio n and painted toenails. This synecdoche may act as a mean to create emphasis on the two contrasting cultures and expose the reader through the ruling of the feelings of displacement and complete alienation, which is what the migrant woman would be experiencing.Strauss makes an allusion to Greek hydrology through her reference to the story of Theses and the Minotaur. The migrant womans almost daunting and foreboding feat of making her navigation through an unknown culture alludes to Theses being sent and fed to the Minotaur. The migrant woman is sacrificing herself to this newfound culture and leaving behind her past. The blind beast may perhaps also signify the industrialized and modern-aged city, devouring or consuming the newly arrived immigrants which correlates with the metaphor of eating up men.The Preludes and The Pedestrian respond to the ideas shown in the Migrant Woman on a Melbourne Tram in providing an insight to Jennifer Strauss soulless, disconnected and oppressive rel ationship with the urban landscape. In the three texts, the readers are provided underlying motif of urban alienation. The ideas explored are when people are forced to suppress and hide their individual identity by conforming to societal expectations, as well as the idea of examining the universal nature of human despair and isolation through their depiction of a soulless, disconnected and oppressive society.

What Is Cost Management Accounting Reporting Systems

equal report Reporting System deals with the process of tracking, measuring, recording and classifying the appropriate totallyocation of expenditure ( financial and non-financial) for the ratiocination of the cost of product or service in an organization and for the hand overation of suitably arranged data for the purpose of control and guidance of management (Horngren et al, 2010). be are measured in terms of Direct Costs, Indirect Costs and Overhead/Absorbed Costs. Managers use cost story to support decision reservation to reduce a associations costs of products and services and improve its profitability. anxiety Accounting Reporting System is concerned with the process of identification, measurement, accumulation, analysis, preparation, interpretation and communication of financial and non- financial tuition used by managers to plan, evaluate and control within an entity and to assure appropriate use of and accountability for its resources to managers within organizati ons, to provide them with the basis in making informed business decisions that would allow them to be better equipped in their management and control functions thereby enhancing both client and shareholder value (CIMA, 2010). remote financial invoice nurture, management accounting information is used within an organization typically for decision-making in varied areas corresponding product design, production,marketing, and performance management. focal point accounting organizations also do non have to follow set principles and rules and is usually confidential and its access available only to a select few. Cost Accounting operates within the parameters of precaution Accounting. As businesses became more complex and diversified, a more comprehensive reporting system was look ated in order to inspection and repair management make decisions.Modern cost accounting systems take the perspective that collecting cost information is a function of the management decisions being made. therefrom it bum be safely understood that Management Accounting evolved from Cost Accounting. Hence, the distinction between management accounting and cost accounting is not so well-defined and the terms are used interchangeably (Horngren et al, 2010). Management Accounting principles are also used in other accounting related functions much(prenominal) as Long Term Planning (LTP), budgeting and forecasting revenue and profit planning. Again, cost accounting data is used as an integral part of the process.Management Accounting Reporting Systems Necessity & Role Value existence is the fundamental focal point for the managers in an giving medication across diverse sectors (Smith, 2010). Value creation refers to both customer and shareholders. Creating customer value has been a key concern for the organizations but only in recent years have the managers come to take in the importance of understanding the customer value the value that a customer places on particular features of a product and satisfying customers is critical to achieving increased sales and market share and therefore to achieve the shareholder value (Smith, 2010).Shareholder value is also a key focus area for the managers and involves improving the net income worth of the business for the shareholders/owners of the company. From a shareholders/owners perspective, parameters like increased profits, share value and dividends are extremely important and management is charged with the responsibility of delivering on all the parameters. To enhance customer or shareholder value, managers need to understand what drives value. They have to make decisions and invest resources in the activities or aspects of their business that lead to improvements in customer and shareholder values.The effective and efficient use of resources is essential to creating value to customers and shareholders and Management Accounting Reporting System provides the much needed critical information to process managers to perform this role (Smith, 2010). Management Accounting System supports the organisations planning and implementation of strategy. The strategic planning of an organisation specifies the direction (type of businesses and markets to enter and how to postulate in the market) that the organisation intends to take over the long-term to meet its objectives.Strategic planning draws on a wide range of management accounting information from costing, budgeting, performance measurement systems, as well as information from analytical studies, both external and internal to the organisation (Smith, 2010). The implementation of the strategy requires management accounting system link the long term plans to the budgeting system, to produce annual budgets that supports the2 organisations strategies.Performance Measurement Systems which forms a part of the management accounting system can be used to compare actual outcomes to budgets and other targets that focus on the organisations trategic objectiv es (Smith, 2010). With cut-throat competition in the market-place, well managed organisations focus their objectives and strategies on building and maintaining sources of competitive advantage. Thus Management Accounting Systems contributes to improving the organisations competitive advantage in terms of quality, delivery time, flexibility, innovation and cost through modern process improvement and cost management techniques.It also provides information to help manage resources, through systems for planning (e. g. budgets) and control (e. g. performance measures). Furthermore, Management Accounting System also provides estimates of the costs of the organisations output goods and services, to support both the strategic and operational decision needs of managers. Cost Accounting Reporting System on a standalone basis helps the organisation in ascertaining the cost of the product, job or services.The reporting system provides detailed information some the composition of total cost fo r determining the selling price of the product or service under different conditions. Fully developed cost accounting system provides ready information regarding stock of raw material, work-in-progress and finished goods and also facilitates in the preparation of financial and other statements at such intervals as coveted by the management. Cost accounting reporting system also helps in measuring and further increasing the efficiency of the organization (Horngren et al, 2010).This process involves a poll of the processes and procedures used in manufacturing or providing goods or services to measure the efficiency of the organisation or departments and devising means of increasing the efficiency. Thus, the cost accounting information becomes the basis of formulating forward-looking operative policies. The Cost accounting information is also used to control and reduce cost and hence increasing the profits thereby increasing the customer and shareholder value (Smith, 2010).The techni ques that are used for controlling cost are budgetary control and standard costing methods. The cost accounting information makes possible for the management to distinguish between profitable and unprofitable operations. Concentrating on profitable operations and eliminating non-profitable ones can maximize profit. This information also helps in eliminating wasteful expenditure of resources at various levels and will help the management in forming future course of action.Compared to other supportive reporting systems like pecuniary Accounting System, which provides information about the financial position and past performance of an organization on an annual or quarterly basis to investors, banks, regulators and other distant parties, Cost and Management Accounting Systems can provide information on a short and long term basis which can be past, present and future oriented and can satisfy the short and long term decision making needs of the management towards fulfilling the organiz ational designs (Horngren et al, 2010).The factors that contribute towards fulfilling the organizational goal of increasing profits and shareholder wealth like information for planning and controlling operations, estimates of cost of producing goods and services efficiently and information for measuring performance can also be provided by Management Accounting Systems. Financial Accounting Reports has to follow very strict guidelines and protocol in its compilation and final exhibit form.These norms and guidelines are internationally accepted and implemented while Management Accounting reports are for internal use of management for decision making and may not be completely objective and verifiable but is relevant to the issue at hand (Horngren et al, 2010). Moreover, Financial Accounting reports on the business or company in its entirety, i. e.Financial Accounting reports show the overall picture of a businesses financial position for a certain reporting period and are not concern ed with any particular department of the organisation while Management Accounting reports primary emphasis is on segment reporting (Smith, 2010). It deals with the various segments like product lines, departments or any other categorization of the companys activities that management finds useful and is not governed by generally accepted accounting principles. codaIn a nutshell, there is a tremendous necessity for management and cost accounting reporting systems in an organisation, not only for achieving the predetermined goals and hang in profitable, but also to create value to both customers and shareholders. Since the complexities of running an organisation has increased due to complicated market systems and increased competition, there is a need for the management accounting reporting system to be brought under a common control framework for the effective function of the system and helping the organisation to proactively reduce cost and bring profitability.

Is Love an Art? Essay

Is retire an fine artifice? Then it requires knowledge and effort. Or is love a pleasant sensation, which to throw is a matter of chance, something one f altogethers into if one is lucky? This little book is ground on the former premise, while undoubtedly the majority of people forthwith believe in the latter. Not that people think that love is not important. They argon starved for it they watch endless numbers of films most happy and hard put love stories, they listen to hundreds of trashy songs about love yet hardly eachone thinks that there is anything that needs to be guideed about love. This peculiar attitude is based on several(prenominal) premises which either singly or feature tend to uphold it. Most people see the problem of love originally as that of being loved, rather than that of loving, of ones capacity to love. Hence the problem to them is how to be loved, how to be lovable. In pursuit of this aim they follow several paths. One, which is especially employ by men, is to be successful, to be as powerful and rich as the social margin of ones position permits. Another, used especially by women, is to make oneself attractive, by cultivating ones body, dress, etc.Other ways of making oneself attractive, used both by men and women, are to develop pleasant manners, interesting conversation, to be helpful, modest, inoffensive. Many of the ways to make oneself lovable are the same as those used to make oneself successful, to win friends and diverge people. As a matter of fact, what most people in our culture mean by being lovable is essentially a mixture in the midst of being popular and having sex appeal. A second premise behind the attitude that there is zippo to be learned about love is the self-confidence that the problem of love is the problem of an object, not the problem of a faculty. People think that to love is simple, but that to find the right object to love or to be loved by is difficult. This attitude has several reasons ro oted in the development of modern society.One reason is the great change which occurred in the ordinal century with respect to the choice of a love object. In the Victorian age, as in many traditional cultures, love was mostly not a spontaneous personal experience which then might lead to spousal. On the contrary, marriage was contracted by convention either by the respective families, or by a marriage broker, or without the help of such intermediaries it was concluded on the basis of social considerations, and love was supposed to develop once the marriage had been concluded. In the last few generations the concept of romanticistic love has become almost universal in the Western world. In the United States, while considerations of a conventional nature are not entirely absent, to a vast extent people are in search of romantic love, of the personal experience of love which then should lead to marriage. This new concept of freedom in love must have greatly enhanced the importance of the object as against the importance of the function. Closely related to this factor is another feature characteristic of contemporary culture.Our whole culture is based on the appetite for buying, on the subject of a mutually favorable exchange. Modern mans happiness consists in the thrill of looking at the shop windows, and in buying all that he can afford to buy, either for cash or on installments. He(or she) looks at people in a similar way. For the man an attractive girl and for the woman an attractive man are the prizes they are subsequently. Attractive usually means a nice package of qualities which are popular and sought after on the personality market. What specifically makes a person attractive depends on the fashion of the time, physically as well as mentally. During the twenties, a drinking and relieve oneself in girl, tough and sexy, was attractive forthwith the fashion demands much domesticity and coyness. At the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of this century, a man had to be aggressive and ambitious today he has to be social and tolerant in order to be an attractive package.At any rate, the sense of fall uponing in love develops usually only with regard to such human commodities as are within reach of ones own possibilities for exchange. I am out for a bargain the object should be desirable from the standpoint of its social value, and at the same time should want me, considering my overt and hidden assets and potentialities. Two persons thus fall in love when they feel they have found the best object available on the market, considering the limitations of their own exchange values. Often, as in buying authoritative estate, the hidden potentialities which can be developed play a considerable role in this bargain. In a culture in which the marketing druthers prevails, and in which material success is the outstanding value, there is little reason to be surprised that human love relations follow the same material body o f exchange which governs the commodity and the labor market. The third error leading to the assumption that there is nothing to be learned about love lies in the muddiness between the initial experience of falling in love, and the permanent state of being in love, or as we might break off say, of standing in love.If two people who have been strangers, as all of us are, suddenly let the wall between them break down, and feel close, feel one, this moment of junction is one of the most exhilarating, most exciting experiences in life. It is all the more wonderful and miraculous for persons who have been shut off, isolated, without love. This miracle of sudden intimacy is often facilitated if it is combined with, or initiated by, sexual attraction and consummation. However, this type of love is by its very nature not lasting. The two persons become well acquainted, their intimacy loses more and more its miraculous character, until their antagonism, their disappointments, their mutual boredom kill whatever is left of the initial excitement. Yet, in the beginning they do not know all this in fact, they take the intensity of the infatuation, this being crazy about each other, for proof of the intensity of their love, while it may only prove the degree of their preceding loneliness.This attitude that nothing is easier than to love has continued to be the prevalent idea about love in spite of the overwhelming evidence to the contrary. There is hardly any activity, any enterprise, which is started with such tremendous hopes and expectations, and yet, which fails so regularly, as love. If this were the case with any other activity, people would be eager to know the reasons for the failure, and to learn how one could do better or they would give up the activity. Since the latter is impossible in the case of love, there seems to be onlyone adequate way to overcome the failure of love to assure the reasons for this failure, and to proceed to study the meaning of love . The first step to take is to become aware that love is an art, just as living is an art if we want to learn how to love we must proceed in the same way we have to proceed if we want to learn any other art, say music, painting, carpentry, or the art of medicine or engineering. What are the necessary steps in learning any art?The process of learning an art can be shared out conveniently into two parts one, the mastery of the theory the other, the mastery of the convention. If I want to learn the art of medicine, I must first know the facts about the human body, and about various diseases. When I have all this theoretical knowledge, I am by no means competent in the art of medicine. I shall become a master in this art only after a great deal of practice, until eventually the results of my theoretical knowledge and the results of my practice are blended into one my intuition, the essence of the mastery of any art. But,SynopsisThe Art of Loving has helped hundreds of thousands of me n and women achieve rich, productive lives by developing their hidden capacities for love. An astonishing frank and candid book renowned psychoanalyst Erich Fromm, it explores the ways in which this extraordinary emotion can alter the course of ones life. Most of us are unable to develop our ability to love on the only level that really counts-a love that is compounded of maturity, self-knowledge, and courage. Learning to love demands practice and concentration. Even more than any other art, it demands genuine insight and understanding. In this startling book, Fromm discusses love in all aspects not only romantic love, so surrounded by false conceptions, but also love of parents for children, brotherly love, erotic.

Riba’ and Gharar

Prohibition of Riba Generally Riba means that prohibition on any interest. In Moslem Finance system, investors and lenders ar strictly disallowed to charge or receive interest. In the Shariah, riba technically refers to the premium that mustiness be paid by the borrower to the lender along with the principal amount as a fix for the bring or for an extension in its maturity. According to Chapra (2006), term of riba is used in the Shariah in twain senses. The first is riba al-nasiah and the second is riba al-fadl..The term nasiah comes from the root nasaa which means to postpone, defer, or wait, and refers to the time that is allowed to the borrower to repay the loan in return for the addition or the premium. Hence riba al-nasiah is equivalent to the interest charged on loans While, prohibition of riba al-nasiah implies that the fixing in advance of a positive rate of return on a loan as a reward for waiting and no difference whether the rate of return is modest or big, or a f ixed or variable per cent of the principal.It is important to note that, harmonize to the Shariah, the waiting involved in the repayment of a loan does not by itself justify a positive reward. Gharar is known as unaccepted risk taking which is another fundamental principle of Islamic finance central to the structuring transactions. It also can be considered some level of risk remains a fundamental aspect of commercial life and risk allocation a necessary component of Islamic finance only disproportionate risk, speculative trading and transactions meeting exceeding limitations.According to Tabari (2011) gharar may climb up from unacceptable levels of settlement risk, inadequate or inaccurate information and complex contracts where multiple transactions are not identifiable with multiple independent contracts. Besides, according to Iqbal (1999) Gharar in a contract arises where there is a lack of knowledge or there is a fountainable doubt about the control of all party to the cont ract over the completion of the exchange. The best example of gharar is gambling which have kind of unacceptable risk and gambling is disallowed in Islam.As a consequence, the major terms and conditions, such as the price, subject egress or time of delivery, must be determined when concluding the corresponding agreement. The main reason riba is veto because it prevents people from undertaking real economic activities. For example when a person having money is allowed to earn to a greater extent money on the basis of interest, either in spot or deferred transactions, it becomes easy for him to earn without bothering himself to seduce pains in real economic activities.This leads to hampering the real interests of humanity, because the interests of humanity cannot be safeguarded without real trade skills, manufacture and construction. It support by Siddiqi (2004), Riba corrupts society and ultimate effect is negative growth. It must be a reason why Islam prohibits gharar, according to Gurulkan (2010), in a general context, the unanimous view of the jurists held that, in any transaction, by failing or neglecting to define any of the essential pillars of contract relating to the consideration or measure of the object, the parties foreshorten a risk which is not indispensable for them.This kind of risk was deemed unacceptable and tantamount to speculation because of its natural uncertainty. Speculative transactions with these characteristics are therefore prohibited. In conclusion, riba and gharar will cause negative in hearty economics and that is a main reason, Islam prohibit these elements in business transaction. Even though, the debate still draw out but prohibit it will save economics.

Meursault in “The Stranger” by Albert Camus Essay

Life is wonderful, alone also rough. We struggle to find the marrow in our lives, but we can non accomplish it. there argon many kinds of thoughts or philosophies of aliveness nigh conjecture that sustenance is already determined by God or destiny when they were born, while others think that they decide what they do by themselves. In the stranger, Albert Camus makes Meursault as a protagonist, who does not think astir(predicate) anything deeply. Because of that, he can not authentically enjoy his life-time. However, finally, he thinks rough his life when he faces remnant he truly realized how to face to the absurd world, and thus be musters Camus perfect existential hero.Meursault is indifferent, and he thinks he perfectly enjoys each moment however, the reality is he just wastes time and does not even sleep together that. Meursault thinks that perception is ridiculous because people are controlled by it, and regret or feeling sorry is a waste of time. Thus, even whe n he faces his returns death, he does not feel anything. He does not have interest in his mothers death, so he does not even hump when his mother peter outd. Maman died to twenty-four hours. Or yesterday maybe, I dont k instanter(3). Usually, ones mothers death significant and people think around their lives through her death.Even though it is not his, and he knows that he can not find it, he should think about what his life content from the relationship between death and life. However, it is possible that he does not care about it too oft because he can not do anything in her death, but he does not care about his marriage, too. He has a girlfriend, named Marie, and when she asked him to get married with her, he was still indifferent, Then she pointed out that marriage was a serious thing. I said No(42). He dos not know what is important in life. It is not because he has different sense of values but because he does not care about anything seriously. He has not had a big probl em in his way, but his way to live is now problem.When he takes Arabs life away, he does not very realize what he did. Even when he was in the police station, he does not understand what he did, thus, c I was even going to sway his hand, but I remembered that I had killed a man(64). He treats everything as a fact, so he does not really have anemotion. He thinks it is the way to enjoy his life, but it makes his life more meaningless. He does not think deeply. Also, he thinks death is death, so there is no future after death. Then, he shot the Arab four times more, but he does not know what it means, Then I discharged four more times at the motionless body where the bullets lodged without leaving a trace.And it was like whang four quick times on the door of un felicity(59). He does not feel good about shooting four more times, but it is not worth death at all. winning human life is very(prenominal) as knocking the door of unhappiness for him his way to live, which is without e motion makes his life horrible later, but at this time, he does not understand anything. Life without emotion is easy because an emotion does not make sense, so he can make sense with everything in his life. However, it also makes his life colorless.Because he is different from others, the golf-club scrams him the world does not help him, so he now has to create meaning in his life by himself. When he is on trial, he testifies honestly because he always follows his heart and does what he wants however, it does not fit the society, then people judge him from their subjective justice. When he honestly testifies about why he killed Arab, people did not listen seriously, cI blurted out that it was because of the sun. slew laughed(103). People do not understand him, and then they do not treat him as usual. They beat the stranger there is nobody to help him. Moreover, they think they are right, so people rid from the society and make him look worse. The prosecutor does not want Meurs ault to live in the society, which the prosecutor lives and to have the same human heart. He stated that I had no place in a society whose or so fundamental rules I ignored and that I could not appeal to the same human heart whose primary response I knew nothing of(102).He denies Meursaults human right. He should be in trouble, but in the trial, there are only people who think they are normal and right, so they are the same as him. Thus, they do not notice that the prosecutor is wrong. Their personality is horrible because there is no exception. Meursault thinks about this judgment and the machinery of justice(108). It is exactly correct. They follow their own common sense, and treat him as a stranger. The consequence is a death penalty. However, ironically, this situation, which makes him face death and being aware that nobody helps him, makes himthink about his life and notice that he has to find it by himself.Right before his death, he realized the meaning in life. People do no t know why they are living, but they laugh at him because they think he is stupid and better than him however, ironically, he understands his life. When he accepts the absurd world, he can create meaning of his life there is no future, so he has to think about every adept moment carefully and enjoy it. Ironically, he does not have time any more. However, he thinks, I had been happy and that I was happy again(123). Actually, he enjoys his life because he did not know that he has lived indifferently. His life is hard for ordinary people to understand, but for him, it totally makes sense. Moreover, he understands everything now, so he feels happiness again. Also, he feels a sense of superiority because he knows that people who look down on him do not know.There are many thought about world, and he wants to see the absurd world, and assign them his way to live, I had only to wish that there be a large crowd of spectators the day of my execution and that they greet me with cries of hat e(123). He notices that nobody seriously cares about him, but still they come to his execution. Playing the game is ridiculous for him, but people can not live without it. Nobody really has a grudge against him, but they follow the others. Being apart from society is scary and alone, so ordinarily people can not do that. He also feels that, so he wanted to die in the crowd. Also, he is proud of his life, so he wanted to show how he lived. Now, he really enjoys his life.The life is meaningless he realizes it when he faces death. If people know that, they give up everything however, for Meursault, everything makes sense. There is no clue in the world, so what he can do is creating the meaning by himself. Life is hard because nobody helps him, but he decides everything and what he does has meaning. He can enjoy his life fully, so his life is wonderful. He has to enjoy his life while he is living because there is nothing after death. There is no meaning in the world, so he creates it. Everything is to be happy.

The Battle of Vimy Ridge and Its Effect on Canadian Nationalism

Many historians believe that the success of the Canadian corps in the Great War was a primary source in the development of Canadian themeism and fleece amongst citizens and soldiers. Canadas personal identity and reputation evolved on an inter res publicaal scale as a result of Canadas struggle efforts through memor fit battles such as the booking of Somme and the Battle of Vimy Ridge. These battles also helped Canada earn its sovereignty, fashioning them less and less of an imperial dominion under the control of Britain, therefore allowing Canada to make more indie decisions in regards to world affairs.French-Canadians sought for independence as they were opposed to both British imperialism and Canadas involvement in the War this would help spark Canadian nationalism and help preserve French culture. The Canadian Corps was formed by the Canadian Expeditionary Force and consisted of four divisions by August 1916. It was do up of people from different provinces and different ethnicities however they all fought representing their Country. It was n wizd by one veteran, We went up as Albertans and Nova Scotians. We came down as Canadians.When Canadian troops first arrived in England, Lord Kitchener, the British minister of War, intended to split up the Canadian divisions amongst existing British battalions. However, Sam Hughes, the Canadian military air force officer ignored Lord Kitcheners intentions and kept the Canadian soldiers together. This showed that Canada could fight as an independent unit and was not solely an extension of the British army. Distinguishing the Canadian Expeditionary force from the British force gave soldiers a sense of national identity and pride.While Canada joined the war based on the obligation to help Britain, they were now representing Canada by chip for their patriotism. The Canadian Corps was regarded as one of the most effective fighting forces on the Western Front. Their military posture came from their ability to s tudy the successes from other allied forces, which they used to implement doctrine and new maneuver that were sacredly practiced in training and eventually put to use on the battlefield. This was most noticeable during the Battle of Vimy Ridge in 1917, where Canadians achieved victory that no other allied force could achieve.The Canadian victory at Vimy Ridge was referred to by the media as the birth of a nation where they gain respect from the other allied nations and proved that they were a strong and independent nation. For the first time, all four Canadian divisions fought in the akin battle as a cohesive unit where they captured more arms and more prisoners (4,000) than any other Allied offensive since the start of the war. This instilled national pride not only within the soldiers but within the nation itself.After the Battle of Vimy Ridge, Sir Arthur William Currie was appointed as the first Canadian commander of the Canadian Corps which was previously commanded by the Br itish. This was a pivotal point in Canadian history as Canada earned the respect from the British to command their own units, sign upifying Canadas independency from Britain. After the Great War, Canada continued to set up its independency from Britain. At the 1919 Paris Peace Conference, all the countries involved in the war were gathered to sign the Treaty of Versailles Canada demanded to sign the treaty without British permission.This gave Canada worldwide recognition of being a separate nation from Britain and allowed them to have a stronger position in regards to world affairs. The view of Canada being a separate identity from Britain was also amplified when they joined the League of Nations as an independent country. Both these events demonstrated that Canada has a voice and is able to make independent decisions in regards to world political affairs. On the opposite scope, French-Canadians were establishing nationalism within Canada.The volume of French-Canadians were highl y against British imperialism and the fact that Canada joined the war based on this notion. French-Canadians wanted to be independent of Britain and felt that it was not their duty to support them in the war. Henri Bourassa with support from French Canada urged that Canada separate from Britain so that they would no longer be dragged into wars. By the influence of Bourassa, umteen French Canadians were opposed to volunteering to the Canadian Expeditionary Force.Bourassa believed that Canadas commitment to help Britain win the war would eventually lead to conscription this would then force many French-Canadians to participate in the war. Bourassa felt that the war was merely serving British imperialist aims as Canadian politics introduced Regulation 17 in 1912 which limited French language education. Regulation 17 was believed to be the main reason why French-Canadians did not participate in the war. face Canadians thought that French Canadians were not pulling their weight in the war effort as only 5% of volunteers came from French Canada.Despite Bourassas efforts to prevent conscription, Prime Minister Robert Borden implemented conscription in 1917. In the end, only 24,132 conscripts made it to France in front the end of the war. The Great War was considered by many Canadas war of independence. Through the progression of the war and after many victories, Canada earned worldwide recognition for their achievements. More specifically, their use of highly developed tactics enabled them to earn victory at Vimy Ridge where both the British and French forces had failed.Battles such as the one at Vimy Ridge provided a national identity for Canada, both on the international and domestic scales. This mark the start of Canadas sovereignty, separating them from British Imperialism which would continue well up into the mid 20th century. 1 . Weir, E. (Fall, 2004). victimisation the Legacy of origination War I to Evaluate Canadian Military Leadership in World War II . Journal of Military and Strategic Studies. 2 . Maroney, Paul. (1998). Lest We Forget War and Meaning in English Canada.Journal of Canadian Studies. pp. 108-124. 3 . Bindo, Kathryn (1979). More Than Patriotism. Toronto, ON Personal Library Publishers. 4 . Nersessian, Mary (April 9, 2007). Vimy battle label birth of Canadian nationalism. CTV. ca 5 . Baril, Lynda (2002). Ordeal by Fire. Canada A peoples History. http//www. cbc. ca/history/EPISCONTENTSE1EP12CH1PA3LE. html, accessed 2012 Nov 3. 6 . Bourassa, Henri. The French Canadian in the British Empire. (London John Murray, 1902), 26, 30-31. 7 . Brookl, Adriana.The Canada/Britain Relationship. The William Ready socio-economic class of Archives and Research Collections. http//library. mcmaster. ca/archives/exhibits/worldwar_canadabritain, accessed 2012 Nov 3. 8 . Murrow, Casey (1968). Henri Bourassa and French Canadian Nationalism. Montreal, QC Harvest House. pp. 87-88. 9 . ib. p91. 10 . Bumstead, J. M. The Peoples of Ca nada, A Post-Confederation History. 11 . Ibid. 12 . English, J. (1991). The Canadian Army and the Normandy Campaign A Study of Failure in High Command. Praeger Publishers.

Psy 240 Appendix C

There atomic number 18 four re-creates of peace, stage 1 occurs when the person decides its time to fall asleep. Initially in stage 1 alpha waves start waxing and waning bursts of 8-12 Hzs electroencephalogram. This is when we are alert at our wake fullness. Stage one sleep RRG is low voltage but high frequency signal. As the stages progress into stage 2 theres a gradual increase in encephalogram voltage and decrease in EEG frequency. Stage 2 has a higher amplitude and get frequency and also has two wave forms, k complexes and sleep spindles.Stage 3 is Delta waves, which are the largest and slowest EEG waves. Stage 4 is essentially the predominance of delta waves. Throughout the night the body goes through these 4 stages numerous times. It is a continuous cycle until the body fully awakes. Stage one is also the REM sleep stage and is where a person dreams. There are five common belies of dreams the first being, that external stimuli fanny become incorporated into dreams. Second , dreams last further an instant. Third, some people claim that they do not dream.Fourth, penile erections are assumed to be related to sexual dreams. And lastly, sleepwalking and sleep talking occur only when dreaming. There are two theories related to dreams, the first being Freuds theory. He believes that dreams are triggered by unacceptable repressed wishes, very much of a sexual nature. The second is activation synthesis theory of Hobsons, he believed that during REM sleep many brain stem circuits become active and bombard the cerebral lens cortex with neural signals.He believes that a dream is the cerebral cortexs way of taking all the random thoughts and making sense of them all. I agree with Hobson, I believe that all the random events throughout the twenty-four hour period put together the dream. Freuds theory does not seem legitimate to me because not everyone has negative or unacceptable wishes nor is every dream a sexual. More often than not my dreams comprise of ran dom and often times very confusing acts. Thus is the reason why I agree with Hobson.

Person and Service Users Essay

Answer 1As a trainer of many subjects, I must command that my own knowledge of the various law and regulatory requirements and codes of practice are current and up to date, which are often subject to change, in magnitude that the in multifariousnessation relayed to the candidates is correct.There are several key pieces of legislation that are paramount to the subjects I t entirely(a)(prenominal), health and Safety at Work Act 1974 determines that I imbibe a duty of flush to each candidate / assessors who attend any course I deliver. To comply with this a risk assessment of the breeding facilities is undertaken and reviewed upon every course run.In order to ensure the sentry duty and welfare of the attendees a health and sentry go talk is conveyed making sure that all are aware of any potential hazards, fire elimination procedures etc. Each attendee is made aware that they have a responsibility to ensure the safety of themselves and of those around them.Lifting Operations an d Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER) This regulation dictates that lifting equipment used for lifting people is subject to a six monthly recapitulation by a competent person. Each hoist used to safely move people has a working emergency release to ensure that should the hoist fail the person is not stuck in mid(prenominal) air and is safely lowered to the floor within a short time.In order to ensure that candidates are physically able and have no medical issues a Health Declaration form is completed and signed by all attending the courses. Should any medical issues arise then a short talk to the candidate is conducted ascertaining there capabilities.Answer 2I teach a conversion of subjects and in a majority of the courses there is often mixed levels of knowledge and experience of the subject macrocosm taught. In order to achieve this information I introduce myself, explaining who I am and a picture description of my background and knowledge of the subject and then ask th e class to introduce themselves and give a brief description of their experience if any of the subject. For those who have experience I explain that I pass judgment their input on the subject if they have any experiences on the area in which we are discussing. For the others who major power be new to the subject I reassure that by the end of the course they will have a good working knowledge and confidence in the subject.Once in the classroom I would discuss the subject matter that I intend to teach and with this valuable assistance of PowerPoints imbibe the course. Throughout the course I encourage class interaction, asking questions for the class to discuss and come up with the answer. Ensuring that all students are involved, encouraging an open discussion.As the majority of my client base is within the care industry the subjects I teach encourage equality and valuing diversity throughout as the main mapping of a carer is to promote independence of their service users and givi ng person centred care. Encouraging equality and valuing everyones faith irrelevant of their background or culture, as we can learn from each other as we all have different life experiences. Answer 3My role within lifelong learning is to bring up sure all candidates leave my courses learning at least one thing. And to deliver the course in a way that the feel valued and that their voice and opinion was heard.Answer 4As a trainer I have found that one of the simplest ways to meet the needs of the learners to those I am teaching is by relating to real-life situations and circumstances that I have faced. If you bombard the clients with PowerPoints which are just overflowing of facts that they are trying to memorise or record the information becomes more difficult to absorb and little likely to be retained.To promote additional learning a handout is produced, also in an unproblematic to read manner for the learners to review to keep information fresh in their minds.I encourage all candidates to become better carers, by learning more about their service users illness or suffering and how this affects their service users.

Importance of Knowledge of Culture to Business Managers Essay

Importance of Knowledge of gardening to Business Managers - Essay ExampleThe knowledge of the differences in the cultural dynamics is important to the pedigree managers as it helps in the interaction process among the business organizations. For one to understand the impact that cultural differences behave on the business organizations, it is important to understand what the concept of culture entails. Culture can be said to lie in of the patterned thinking processes and slipway in which incompatible human groups acquire and transmit symbols. It also involves the ways in which the dissimilar groups react, and their values and ideas. Culture is also said to be a subjective recognition of the environment in which one is living. This environment includes the social stimuli, roles, beliefs, and the value system that is shared by the members of the group. speech communication and religion are said to play a great role in culture. It is important to telephone circuit therefore th at any given organization exists within a given culture and are therefore influenced by the cultures in which they exist (Simms 18). The elimination of trade barriers and the increasing ease of penetration of national boundaries have led to the increase in the need to transfer knowledge and skills between the subsidiaries of the various multinational organizations. This way that the work places in these organizations have become multinational and in the process created a current drive exception for the business managers in the management of the workplace as they have to ensure that the new employees who are from different nationality and cultural background have been able to transfer the skills and knowledge that they possess. The knowledge of the differences in culture by the business managers is important as it will help in the facilitation of knowledge transfer. Knowledge transfer involves the travail by a given entity to copy and apply a specific knowledge or institutional ise from another entity. Knowledge transfer involves ensuring that the efforts that are put in place are effective and that the new knowledge that was being learnt or acquired from a different organization has been learnt to the extent that it becomes embodies to the practices of the organization. In the transfer of knowledge, the business managers are often faced with the challenge of cultural hindrances in the transfer process. There are roughly instances in which because of their cultural backgrounds, those involved in are unable to transfer the knowledge in much(prenominal) a way that it contributes to the desired outcome. This is because the knowledge to be passed is embedded in the individuals and therefore can only(prenominal) be transferred by interacting with the individual. The knowledge also has a social dimension to it in that it has been acquired through a process of socialization and as such can only be transferred through socialization. People of different cultures socialize in different ways and it is therefore important for a business manager to be aware how the particular culture interacts. This will help him in facilitating the interactions necessary for the transfer of knowledge to take place (Pauleen 223). It is also important for the business managers to have knowledge on the difference between the laissez-faire(a) and the collective cultures. This will help them in the process of ensuring knowledge transfer. It is important for a b

Television and its Impact on Teenagers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Television and its Impact on Teenagers - Essay precedentTelevision sells, and it not only sells advertising, it sells ideas. The teenage mind is at a stage where it is open to new-made ideas, experimentation, and is easily swayed by a sense of status through images. Teenagers, often alienated by their p arnts and the educational system, seek an identity and want to be a part of a reference or in-group. Teenagers impart copy what they catch on television system and the media industry should be pro-active in monitoring all their scheduling, measurement its social impact, and assuring that it is fit for all viewers, and especially teenagers.When we consider what a teenager may get by from television and incorporate into their own life, sex immediately comes to mind. If the teenager feels disconnected from society, or neglected and unloved, they be in a prime position to seek out inappropriate sex. When television romanticizes sex in the midst of 13 year olds, the child will be led to believe that this action will adopt them status and love. A study by Brown et al. found that regular viewing of sex on television, accelerates white adolescents sexual activity and increases their risk of engaging in early sexual intercourse (1018). It would be irresponsible to encourage a young teenage girl to stand sex in each other setting or format. Yet, it is routinely done on television. The industry must self-regulate the television programming and reduce the exposure that young teens have to sexual content.Drugs are another subject that the media inappropriately presents to teenagers, which encourages them to experiment. Often, television portrays drugs in a positive light and fails to show the tragic consequences that accompany drug use. Teenagers learn which drugs are available, where to get them, and how to use them. Television has essentially become a drug education program. Studies have shown that in that respect has been an increase in movies that portray dr ug use as a relatively common and untroubled behavior among teen characters in teen-centered films (Stern 342). Teenagers copy this behavior while assuming they will have the kindred outcome as the characters in the film. In fact, the media industry could show drug use among teens in a more negative context with a more realistic outcome. This could lessen teenagers misguided view of the consequences of utilise drugs.Sex and drugs are activities that an average teenager may engage in with or without the encouragement of television, exactly force-out is something that most teens intrinsically avoid. Yet, television programming has the power to desensitize a teenagers mind to violence and make it more acceptable. As teens view a barrage of violence against women, society, and acquaintances on television, they begin to view this as normal behavior. It is commonly accepted that violence, especially in childrens television programming, has escalated in recent years, and the results h ave been disastrous. A large-scale and long-term study reported by Browne and Hamilton-Giachritsis found a loaded association between increased viewing of television violence and the likelihood of subsequent antisocial behaviour, such as threatening aggression, assault or physical fights resulting in injury, and robbery (703). While we may be able to get a teenager off drugs, or encourage them to curtail their sexual activity, godforsaken tendencies are deeply ingrained into the

MODERNISM THROUGH ARNE JACOBSENS EGG CHAIR Essay

MODERNISM THROUGH ARNE JACOBSENS EGG CHAIR - Essay ExampleThe junky Chair knowing by Arne Jacobsen The renowned Danish practiceer and architect Arne Jacoben tendencyed the ballock Chair. Initially it was upholste ruddy in red leather, but is now available in various colours including black leather, as well as in different fabrics. The egg prexy has a bowl-shaped body which serves as its seat, back, and armrests and a short, alloy base (Squidoo, 2011). Because the chairs were commissioned for the SAS Royal Hotel, a skyscraper designed by Jacobsen, the rounded appearance of the egg chair was meant to complement the hotels straightforward linear construction (Figs. 1 and 2). Fig.1. Arne Jacobsens Egg Chair Upholstered in Red Leather (ModernClassic, 2003) Fig.2. Jacobsens Egg Chair Covered with Fabric Upholstery (Squidoo, 2011) The unique shape of the Egg Chair (Figs. 1 and 2 ) is built using a light plaster shell injected with glacial synthetic foam to make it more comfortable. The body is then upholstered with leather or fabric, and fitted at the shadower with a steel spindle and swivel, and a molded aluminium 4-star base. There is similarly a simple adjustment mechanism which helps to raise or lower the chair. The Egg Chair being composed of mainly plaster and leather/ fabric, is significantly light with an overall weight of 18 pounds. Modern Egg Chairs fabricate today are constructed of a lighter plastic shell that is injected with cold foam, they are then cover with high quality leather, and lightweight aluminium legs are attached at the bottom (Squidoo, 2011). Though the Egg Chair has a distinctive design, it shares great similarities with the Swan Chair, also designed for the SAS Royal Hotel. The Egg is also closely... Jacobsen designed and launched the egg chair between 1957 and 1958, along with the Swan chair. He was commissioned to design chairs for the reply areas of the Royal Hotel in Copenhagen, for which he designed the egg chair. Over f ifty historic period later on the hotel still boasts egg chairs within its reception areas a testament to the original design masterpiece (Urbanark, 2011). The modernist design of the egg chair has simple, functional lines, and is composed of minimalistic and abstract features. Modernism is a historical tradition of design form established in the nineteenth century which was initially based on inculcating aesthetic gustation to the general public. Greenhalgh (p.19) states that this approach could lead to a kind of dictatorial determinism which ultimately came to be the most uttermost(prenominal) of the contradictions that existed within the Modernist Movement. Modernism is marked by its restrictive nature. In Modernist circles there was an aversion to consumption. Consequently, this resulted in the creation of the modernist austere aesthetics which stripped design down to its key components, not inviting needless consumerism. This paper has highlighted Arne Jacobsens Egg Chair , examined its modernist characteristics, and explored historical factors based on modernist functionalism and mass culture, inherent to the Egg Chair and its design. The highly functional and comfortable chair continues to be popular in contemporay times more than fifty years after it was designed and developed.