Sharks :: Papers

INTRODUCTIONAlthough sharks belong to the class Chondrichtyes, there ar many different types. Sharks arose about 350 million years ago and drive remained virtually unchanged for the past 70 million years and thus far comprise a dominant group. It is thought that sharks almost certainly evolved from placoderms, a group of primitive jawed fishes. It took a long series of successful and self-defeating mutations with fin, jaw positions etc to give us all the different designs of sharks around today. When asked to drop behind a shark, most people would draw a shape along the lines of the whaler shark family, tigers or a mackeral shark such as a porbeagle. However many people do not brighten the sheer diversity in the shape of sharks, or that rays ar really sharks. Seldom does such an animal inspire such a bod of emotions reflecting a mixture of fascination, awe and fear. Sharks have occasionally exacted a terrific price from humans who have trespassed on their territory. No bette r mum than the ocean that they inhabit, these creatures should be regarded in the same way as lions, tigers, and bears as dangerous, predatory but nonetheless magnificent animals. Different Types of Sharks Living sharks are divided into eight study orders, each easily recognizable by certain external characteristics. Each order contains one or more(prenominal) smaller groups, or families. In all there are 30 families of sharks and they contain the 350 or more different kinds or species of sharks. The eight major orders of sharks include the Squantiformes, Pristiophormes, Squaliformes, Hexanchiformes, Carcharhiniformes, Lamniformes, Orectolobiformes, and the Heterodotiformes. The orders have distinguishing characteristics that fit in each. The Squantiformes normally have categorical bodies that are ray-like with mottled dorsal surfaces. These sharks have a myopic close mouth, which is armed with small impaling teeth. They also have a caudal fin, which has a lower lobe that is l onger than the hurrying lobe. Their pectoral fins extend forward over the ventrally directed gills. The Pristiophormes have more of an elongated soapbox, which is saw-like and edged with slender, needle- cracking squint-eyed teeth. They have two dorsal fins and no anal fin. They use short transverse mouths and small cuspidate holding teeth in twain jaws. Squaliformes have no anal fin as well, but their snout is not elongated, but is somewhat long. Many have powerful cut of meat teeth in both jaws. In some species these razor sharp teeth are in the lower jaw only and the upper teeth serve to hold the food.

James Fenimore Coopers Last of the Mohicans: Book and Movie Essay

James Fenimore Coopers Last of the Mohi digests Book and Movie The book Last of the Mohicans by James Fenimore Cooper was actually different from the movie Last of the Mohicans in terms of the storyline. However, I feel that the producer and director of this movie did a good job of preserving Coopers original vision of the classic American adult male surviving in the wilderness, while possibly presenting it weaken than the book primarily did and in a more believable fashion to a tardily ordinal century reader. The makers of the movie Last of the Mohicans preserved Coopers central ideas and themes precise well, the most important of which is the question, what makes a man? Very few books that I comport read contain such a clear intellect of what a man should be as Last of the Mohicans. Cooper portrays the hero, Hawkeye, as brave, independent, and skillful in the ways of the woods. He is a tracker, he can hit a target with a bullet from any distance, he can fight the evil I roquois Indians without batting so much as an eyelash. The makers of the movie take great pains to preserve these facets of Hawkeye, but so go beyond what Cooper originally laid down as the basis for his heros character. In the book, Hawkeye displays very little feeling and the reader has very little empathy with him, scour though he is the hero. In the movie, however, there is a great vision between Hawkeye and Cora that does not exist in the book. This romance adds a more human side to Hawkeyes character it show s his caring side beyond all the hero-woodsman qualities--in other words, the non-Rambo, late ordinal century version of a hero. Every hero should ha... ...d, when Magua, the evil antagonist, kills Uncas and Alice is presented with the prime(prenominal) of being Maguas wife or killing herself, she chooses death. Coopers original intent was to have Cora killed for being impudent, while Alice remained docile and alive. Instead the makers of the movie transform even the wimpy Alice into a character of strength and independence (the late twentieth century ideal), as shown in her final act of suicide. Cora, also upstanding and blessed with the ability to think for herself throughout the film, survives. I f these changes added a lot to the characters of both Cora and Alice, who in the book were stick figures, females who did virtually cipher but be saved. and because of this again reinforces my opinion that the movie retains Coopers vision and presents it better than Cooper did himself.

jane eyre :: essays research papers

When worldwide Rochambeau met General majuscule in 1781 to determine their succeeding(a) plump against the British, uppercase valued to attack New York City. Rochambeau convinced him that the wiser move was to move South. Word had summon from General Lafayette in Virginia that Cornwallis had puddlen up a defensive fleck at siege of Yorktown. Cornwallis was situated next to the York River. If they could call the city by reason and cut off Cornwallis escape alley on the river, Washington and Rochambeau would decrease an enormous blow to the British forces. provision for the elaborate campaign began immediately. French Admiral de Grasse, stationed in the West Indies, would swing out with his blow everyplace to the Chesapeake Bay and touch on the mouth of the York River. Meanwhile, Washington and Rochambeau would march sulphur to Yorktown and form a semicircle around the city. The plan was round-eyed in concept, but it would take great military skill to execute. Firs t, Washington and Rochambeau started to march towards New York City. They stationed some 2500 workforce at the American forts close the city to fool the British into believing that Washingtons stainless force was soundless there. Then the combined Franco-American host raced south to Virginia. As they marched south, Admiral de Grasses fleet arrived at the Chesapeake Bay. They defeated the British fleet of Admiral Thomas sculpt and won control of the entire bay. More importantly, this meant that they controlled the mouth of the York River and could prevent twain Cornwallis escape and any British communication with Cornwallis. On September 28, 1781, Washington and Rochambeau, along with Lafayettes troops and 3,000 of de Grasses men, arrived at Yorktown. In all, there were approximately 17,000 men converging on Cornwallis camp. The correspond was set for the final showdown in Americas fight for independence. The combined forces approached Yorktown from the South. The French, to a lower place Rochambeau, formed the left flank of the attack, while the American troops, under Washington and Lafayette, approached from the right. The city was soon encircled and under heavy fire. On October 14, the Franco-American forces captured 2 major British redoubts. Cornwallis options were runnel out. He even well-tried sending blacks infected with smallpox over enemy lines in an drive to infect the American and French troops. later on a futile counterattack, Cornwallis offered to vacate on October 17. On the 19th of October, the papers were signed and he officially surrendered.jane eyre essays research papers When General Rochambeau met General Washington in 1781 to determine their next move against the British, Washington wanted to attack New York City. Rochambeau convinced him that the wiser move was to move South. Word had come from General Lafayette in Virginia that Cornwallis had taken up a defensive position at Yorktown. Cornwallis was situated next to th e York River. If they could surround the city by land and cut off Cornwallis escape route on the river, Washington and Rochambeau would strike an enormous blow to the British forces. Planning for the elaborate campaign began immediately. French Admiral de Grasse, stationed in the West Indies, would sail with his fleet to the Chesapeake Bay and secure the mouth of the York River. Meanwhile, Washington and Rochambeau would march south to Yorktown and form a semicircle around the city. The plan was simple in concept, but it would take great military skill to execute. First, Washington and Rochambeau started to march towards New York City. They stationed approximately 2500 men at the American forts near the city to fool the British into believing that Washingtons entire force was still there. Then the combined Franco-American army raced south to Virginia. As they marched south, Admiral de Grasses fleet arrived at the Chesapeake Bay. They defeated the British fleet of Admiral Thomas Grav es and won control of the entire bay. More importantly, this meant that they controlled the mouth of the York River and could prevent both Cornwallis escape and any British communication with Cornwallis. On September 28, 1781, Washington and Rochambeau, along with Lafayettes troops and 3,000 of de Grasses men, arrived at Yorktown. In all, there were approximately 17,000 men converging on Cornwallis camp. The stage was set for the final showdown in Americas fight for independence. The combined forces approached Yorktown from the South. The French, under Rochambeau, formed the left flank of the attack, while the American troops, under Washington and Lafayette, approached from the right. The city was soon surrounded and under heavy fire. On October 14, the Franco-American forces captured 2 major British redoubts. Cornwallis options were running out. He even tried sending blacks infected with smallpox over enemy lines in an attempt to infect the American and French troops. After a futil e counterattack, Cornwallis offered to surrender on October 17. On the 19th of October, the papers were signed and he officially surrendered.

Devestation Man Brings upon Himself in Goldings Lord of the Flies :: essays research papers

William Goldings Lord of the Flies is a solelyegory that has recondite symbolism. It is about a group of British schoolboys fleeing from England during World War 1. Their monotonous crashes on a deserted tropical island. Once on the island they cook to cope with their new ?adult-less? life and make rules to live by. After outlay time on the island, the boys begin to struggle for power which leads to several problems. The acquire on the island serves as a symbol of life in the orthogonal world and the devastation that man brings upon himself. Setting, specific characters, and symbolism help acquaint this.The setting of the story is an important symbol of the outside world. Certain hazard that happen on the island coincide what happens in the outside world. The world is in the midst of World War 1. On the island Jack and Ralph have their sustain war happening. The boys set fire to the island. It was a mistake, but they were enjoying it ?At the quite a little of the flames a nd irresistible course of fire, the boys broke into a shrill, excited laughter.? They were enjoying the fire, though it was make destruction and charge killed an innocent boy. However, they were not much bothered by the thought because it did not involve them directly. They built ?war wish well? forts, even though there was nothing worth protecting. The island is like a clarification world. Certain circumstances that happen in the world happen on a miniature scale on the island.Specific characters in the story represent people in the outside world. Jack represents a dictator, like Hitler or Mussolini. He controls everything around him and abuses his power. He would take littluns and randomly lodge them because he had more power over them. The littluns represented the masses. They would flow towards the loss leader that seemed the best for them. All they wanted to do was have fun, relax, and hunt. Jack provided all of that. Piggy was the voice of intelligence and reasoning ?Whi ch is better, law and rescue, or catch and breaking things up He was the most intelligent person on the island and the rules came from him. Each person?s true identity came out on the island, for better or for worse, and they are all representative of to people in the outside world.The symbolism throughout the entire novel was significant. Jacks nitwitted hunters never spoke out against their leader.

teens with hiv taking more risks :: essays research papers

Teenagers infected with HIV are more(prenominal) likely to immerse in risky sex and drug use since the introduction of effective medicines that effectively keep AIDS at bay, a new matter finds.The trend, which began surfacing after highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) were introduced in 1996, points to the need for targeted interventions to put down risky behavior and improve quality of life for those in this group, the researchers noted. slightly a quarter of the 40,000 new HIV infections in the United States severally year occur in throng under the age of 21, gibe to the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention."Young people, post-HAART, are engaging in more unprotected sex and engaging in more inwardness abuse, and are more emotionally distressed and have a spurn quality of life," utter lead researcher Marguerita Lightfoot, an assistant research psychologist at the University of California, Los Angeles Center for Community Health.This findi ng was surprising, Lightfoot added. "I had a hypothesis that the unexampled people who are taking HAART would be healthier, because they had more hope, they were upkeep longer. And I was surprised that that wasnt the case."In the study, Lightfoot and her colleagues compared behaviors among 349 teens with HIV from Los Angeles, San Francisco, New York City and Miami from 1994 to 1996, with one hundred seventy-five teens with HIV in the equivalent cities from 1999 to 2000.The deuce groups did not include the same people, but they were a similar mix of sex, age, race and ethnicity, as thoroughly as socioeconomic factors, according to the report in the March come forward of the American Journal of Health Behavior.The researchers found the post-HAART group was almost two times more likely to have had unprotected sex. The post-HAART teens had almost doubly the number of sex partners, compared with pre-HAART teens. And post-HAART teens were more likely to have a intimate part ner who used injected drugs.In addition, the post-HAART group was diagnosed with HIV at a younger age and was in worse health than the pre-HAART group, Lightfoots team found.Lightfoot said there are a number of reasons for these findings. She noted the powerful drug regimen isnt perfect. "There are increased expectations for HAART," Lightfoot said. "But not everyone is booming on HAART."Lightfoot also noted that teens infected with HIV are more apt to be involved with the juvenile justice system and snuff it time in jail. "Maybe it says something about the kind of young people who are more likely to be infected with HIV.

Overpopulation, Industrialization, and the Degradation of the Environme

Over race, Industrialization, and the Degradation of the Environment The boilersuit fruit of the gracious state in the last 2000 years has been a J-shaped growing. This can also be expressed as an exponential growth. A big promontory that can just right away be answered in fourth dimension is how this population growth will slow down or stop. The major planet can only handle so many a(prenominal) kind-hearteds sooner the effects of overpopulation consign the surround into an unrecover fitting tailspin of degradation. So the straits is will the boilers suit maximum human population be reached in a piecemeal manner with a class resulting in an S-shaped population growth, or do we as humans request to experience approximately kind of catastrophic event that will let us experience that the maximum cognitive content of our planet has been reached, or will we overpopulate bit by bit and realize that we need to reduce the population to a lower manage aim? These thre e varied theories have been termed the logistic, Malthusian, and domed theories of projected population growth, respectively(Southwick, 159-160). The trend that we have seen in recent history of human population growth can apparently not be sustained, so will the future tense of humans be played out in an optimistic or pessemistic light? Or will it be somewhere in amid? Throughout human history, people have always been pressed to nominate nourishment for themselves and their families. With the traverse of agriculture humans were provided with leisure time, and with that time they were able to develop many different trades beyond hunting, gathering, and agriculture. This meant that the food necessary to course a population was able to be provided by a humbled portion of the population. With industrial enterprise the portion of the population that was employed to feed the... ...r anthropogenetic greenhouse gases(Hansen). simply the size of the human population has effected the milieu by stressing the set ashore to produce enough food to feed us all. Up to now we have had a degrading effect on the environment. I face that it should be our role as human beings to take care of the environment that we need to live. This is a necessary step in order to broaden our survival on the planet Earth.Works CitedSouthwick, Charles H., Ch. 15 from Global bionomics in Human Perspective Oxford Univ. Press, 1996, pp. 159-182Quay, Paul, CLIMATE stir Enhanced Ups and Downs of carbonic acid gas Uptake perception 2002, vol. 298, pp. 2344-2346.Blunier, Thomas PALEOCLIMATEFrozen Methane Escapes from the sea Floor Science 2000, vol. 288, pp. 68-69. Hansen, J., Ruedy, R., Sato, M., Lo, K., Global Warming Continues Science 2002, vol. 295, p. 275 Overpopulation, Industrialization, and the Degradation of the EnvironmeOverpopulation, Industrialization, and the Degradation of the Environment The overall growth of the human population in the last 2000 years ha s been a J-shaped growth. This can also be expressed as an exponential growth. A big question that can only be answered in time is how this population growth will slow down or stop. The planet can only handle so many humans before the effects of overpopulation send the environment into an unrecoverable tailspin of degradation. So the question is will the overall maximum human population be reached in a gradual manner with a trend resulting in an S-shaped population growth, or do we as humans need to experience some kind of catastrophic event that will let us know that the maximum capacity of our planet has been reached, or will we overpopulate gradually and realize that we need to reduce the population to a lower level? These three different theories have been termed the logistic, Malthusian, and domed theories of projected population growth, respectively(Southwick, 159-160). The trend that we have seen in recent history of human population growth can obviously not be sustained, so will the future of humans be played out in an optimistic or pessemistic light? Or will it be somewhere in between? Throughout human history, people have always been pressed to provide nourishment for themselves and their families. With the dawn of agriculture humans were provided with leisure time, and with that time they were able to develop many different trades beyond hunting, gathering, and agriculture. This meant that the food necessary to feed a population was able to be provided by a small portion of the population. With industrialization the portion of the population that was employed to feed the... ...r anthropogenic greenhouse gases(Hansen).Obviously the size of the human population has effected the environment by stressing the land to produce enough food to feed us all. Up to now we have had a degrading effect on the environment. I feel that it should be our role as human beings to take care of the environment that we need to live. This is a necessary step in order to pr olong our survival on the planet Earth.Works CitedSouthwick, Charles H., Ch. 15 from Global Ecology in Human Perspective Oxford Univ. Press, 1996, pp. 159-182Quay, Paul, CLIMATE CHANGE Enhanced Ups and Downs of CO2 Uptake Science 2002, vol. 298, pp. 2344-2346.Blunier, Thomas PALEOCLIMATEFrozen Methane Escapes from the Sea Floor Science 2000, vol. 288, pp. 68-69. Hansen, J., Ruedy, R., Sato, M., Lo, K., Global Warming Continues Science 2002, vol. 295, p. 275

The Search for Wisdom Essay -- essays research papers

The Search for Wisdom     Wisdom, as defined in the dictionary, is "the sum of learning through the ages companionship". Platos Socrates indicates that wisdom is the acknowledgement of ignorance. This statement may be hard to prove as align. If a deaf and dumb man came to realize that he knew cryptograph, because he is not commensurate to learn it, does this make him wise to(p)? I do not intend so. Then, if a prominent professor who has studied for years and has learned many a(prenominal) things, comes to believe that he is ignorant to the true ways of the world, does that make him wise? Possibly so. So, what is the difference here? The difference is knowledge. I believe, and the dictionary points to the circumstance that, one must contain a great deal of knowledge to be wise.      In Apology, Socrates says that "What is probable, gentlemen, is the fact that the god is wise and that his oracular result meant that human wi sdom is expense undersize or nothing..." This statement comes from Socrates by and by he has searched Athens for a person that was wise. It may be true that his god was wise, as gods are usually all-knowing beings. But what makes a god wise? It must be his knowledge of all terrestrial things. Then, why is human wisdom worth little or nothing? It may seem like human wisdom is worth little or nothing in comparison with the wisdom of the gods, though in comparison to other humans, why should human wisdom be worth little or nothing? I believe...